Has the Turkish language or script been changed?
(1 votes)
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Yes, around 1928 was changed from Arabic to Latin.
Ey nefsim…
Seni sen yapan benim,
Beni de ben yapan sensin,
Ya yola gel beraben gidelim
ya da yoldan çekil
ben Hakka gideyim.
Tükische Briefmarken von 1926 (above is “Türkiye Cumhuruyeti Postalari” in Arabic: توركيه مهوريت پوسته لر).
Turkish stamps from 1929:
Here you can find two copies of the Turkish newspaper Cumhuriyet from 19 and 20. October 1928. In the recent edition printed in Latin, you can even see the alphabet, in Arabic writing “yeni alfabe derslerı” (يآابه درسلرسلرسلرن), “new alphabet lessons”:
https://www.alamy.de/stockfoto-die-turkische-sprachreform-illustriert-mit-ein-zeitung-1928-122455182.html
And pronunciation?
Like today.
A misunderstanding, if in D suddenly Arabic should be written…
How do you get such a change?
Ups… that should actually be a comment… 🙈
Arabic is quite different because of the sometimes missing vowels. But you could write German for example with Cyrillic letters. Sometimes people do fun and I have no difficulty reading it, of course, slower than with Latin letters. At that time, it was argued that the Latin letters are better suited to Turkish language than the Arabs. I do not understand the system with the Arabic word roots (who are written with consonants), in any case there is no such thing in Turkish.
Я, дас нет шон, сит еин пар Анрасунген!
I took Arabic because the change in Turkey also went from Arabic to Latin. In the Cyrillic would be different, not a real comparison.
The argument is in fact not to point out. The Arabic word roots have nothing to do with the Turkish. The problem of Arabic writing is that the Turkish vowels cannot be completely mapped. The Turkish vowels o, ö, u and ü were able only with the Arabic vowel for u (ُ ) or the letter Waw (و). In addition, the Ottoman-Turkish spelling has various peculiarities to the Arabic, which have to do with the vocal harmonie, among other things (you write Ya and read U). The K (ك) had 4 sound values: k, g, ng, y. Only shortly before the end of the Arabic script for the Turkish one introduced diacritical special characters for the Kaf to mark them. The Arabic letters ث س ص in Turkish all had the sound value s as in “Rispe”, the letters ذ ض ض ظ ظ ظ all had the sound value z as in “Sonne”. … and more. With the same principle, in the 1920s, one had also argued in Mongolian and introduced Latin, then Cyrillic.
According to the Austrian National Library, authors, dates and places are unknown. Neither at the beginning nor at the end of the book is written what author, place and date names. According to the ÖNB it was previously owned by Sebastian Tengnagel (1573-1636, historian, from 1608 librarian of the court library, had studied in Heidelberg and could have 15 languages, also some oriental, had a large private library, which he gave to the emperor in 1633) and is dated from it to 1588-89. The collection is probably a Turkish private work and, in addition to the religious texts of Christians mentioned below, contains, of course, primarily Islamic texts in Turkish, Persian and Arabic, for example about prayer. It seems to be a kind of persian-Turkish phrase dictionary or a kind of language teaching. A persian twist always follows a Turkish one. The prophets are later treated and what writings they received. History data can also be found in how the conquests of various cities such as “Islambul” (other name for Istanbul or Constantinople) or Bursa or Thessaloniki (Turl. Selânik) or the data on rulers. And I also found mathematical as well as astronomics, i.e. treats to the moon and some planets (Mars, Venus, Mercury, Jupiter), followed by details of the months of the Islamic calendar. The end contains detailed treaties in Turkish to the “Maqāmāt”, Turkish “Maqāmlar” (Singular “Maqām”), the modes in classical Arabic music. When you enter “Maqam” with Google and search for the Wikipedia article, you will also find the names of the “Maqamat” that are called in the book. This longer section is preceded by a treatise on Turkish folk songs (vārsāġī) and on poetry with several examples. … It could be regarded as a kind of privately created encyclopaedia to various disciplines.
The following pages treat or contain Christian text in several languages with phonetic reproduction in Arabic writing, whereby the page numbers are always understood as 1 and 1v, 2 and 2v, etc. There one (or more?) has done a lot of work, about 76 pages also holding German texts. P.S.: You can download the whole book by clicking the right-click on the picture belowhttps://digital.onb.ac.at/RepViewer/viewer.faces?doc=DTL_3373545&order=1&view=SINGLE
29v (PDF 67) to page 62 (PDF 132):
29v-32v (PDF 67-73) “The Ten Commandments” (in Turkish, Croatian, Hungarian, German and Latin)
32v-35 (PDF 73-78) „Vaterunser“ in sections (in Turkish, Croatian, Hungarian, German and Latin)
35v-39v (PDF 79-87) Credo “I believe in God Father …” (apostolic/evangelical), in sections in Turkish, Croatian, Hungarian, German and Latin
40-41v (PDF 88-91) Luther’s hymn “Father our in Heaven” (exclusive in German)
41v-59v, 61-62 (PDF 91-127, 130-132) further Credo texts exclusively in German (why a task to make them readable or at least identify them)
I once wrote a letter in German and Arabic. He understood everything. Thus, even if only a, i and u are available as vowels. Of course, one could not write additional diacritical characters and letters, as one also has for other languages, using Arabic scripture (Persian/Dari, Pashto, Urdu, Uighurish, Kurdish, …).
By the way: there is a handwritten book in the Viennese National Library that a Turk had written shortly after Luther’s death, in which, in addition to Islamic prayers and astronomy, several Christian prayers are included. And these are reproduced in several languages, all in Arabic, including in German. In German, like at times Luther, phonetic.