Wie nutze ich eine Sicherheitslücke in einer anderen Programmiersprache aus, wenn ich den Code nicht kenne?

It depends on the kind of gap. On a buffer overflow you can test with fuzzers and then write an exploit of the corresponding Schellcode to a specific location to run it.

In a race condition, you need to do something more quickly than the program – for example, provide a response to a victim faster than the program itself.

Uzw.

However, if you have to ask such questions, I would recommend that you look at simpler hacking techniques beforehand. Reverse engineering of software and the development of exploit code are already quite advanced techniques.