How can you invent/develop your own language?

I had started it, but then I gave it up again. It’s quite a lot of work, and I thought the time I could use better to understand or learn one of the many real languages. This is also exciting.

I think that some real languages seem clearly “wirer” to those who have never met them as a number of invented languages.

Who would come up with the idea of inventing a language that uses only 2 different vowels (Ubykh) or 3 different vowels? But is there “in real”, Adygh (in Russia north of the Caucasus) uses only [a], [e] and [ə] (the sound we have at the end of “bitte”).

Sjə šjərənxer zədjə-ret’əle-rer! Where she (only) put my clothes down!

(the above sentence has only [ə] and [e])

Aštjew qə-zə-se-ple-rer s’erep! Why she looks at me like that, I don’t know.

The language comes without i, o, u or other vowels.

You can also find the other extreme well: Danish should have 32 different vowels. Probably also because of the numerous diphthonege (ei, ai, ou, etc.). There is Swedish with “only” 17 vowels still quite modest.

You can find a non-tone language (like German) or a tone language (like Vietnamese) or a language with only a few tonal elements (Swedish).

Swedish already has rising and falling syllables (but much less than Vietnamese), for example:

dalarna (1.Silbe emphasizes, deep)
kallas (1.Silve emphasizes, high)
kalas (2.Silbe emphasizes, deep)
anden (1.Silbe emphasizes, high) = the Wildente
anden (1.Silbe emphasizes, deep) = breath, spirit
(The Holy Spirit)
mosquito (1 high) = the gas station
maken (1 deep) = the spouse

You can like a language with short words or one that can form long “bandwurm” words like Ket (Russia): you can push a location indication into the verb here (“Incorporation”).

Deng dikda-bok-inbesn.

People (deng) came with me by the river (ikda).

Deng daka-bok-inbesn.

People came with me in the forest (aka).

Or you push a nomad into the verb:

d.ullop-ol-bet-in (they made a hole in the ice (ullop = ice hole))

Instead of “ullop”, you could also build another nom. Ket distinguishes (in contrast to European languages) a “active me” from a “passive me”.
I (subject) can be di-: the-doq (“I fly”) or ba-: bacon-k-in-room (“I spent the night”, that is the “passive I”). “With me” would be -bok- in the above examples.

Therefore, ket is sometimes called an “active language” (as active subjects are distinguished from non-active). Also the languages of the Sioux make this typologically similar (Dakota, Lakota, etc.).

Georgian uses a collection of various marking options. In the present, work is done with Nominativ + Dativ (there is not an accurate one), so (honestly) “I see the fungus.”, but in the past Georgian changes into an ergative scheme. Then work is done with Ergativ + Nominativ.

However, this varies according to verb. “Gähnen” is formed with an additive, “go” but not. Why always… (apparently, teeth are active there).

In verb “giving” Georgian can either mark the recipient, or it can (similar to the related language Laz) use a scheme called WALS “secondary object” (which is rarely seen worldwide). However, it can also use 2 forms of dativity one after the other, which seems strange to me (“Who am I giving to the mushroom?”).

Georgian marks the subject in the middle of the verb, but sometimes the recipient (in a sentence with “giving”). I don’t know how to disassemble this. In any case, Mchedruli is a beautiful font:

თბ those თბ თბ those თბ those თბ those თბ those ტფ those ტფ those ტფ those ტფ those ტფ those ტფ those ტფ those ტფ those ტფ ტფ those ტფ ტფ those ტფ ტფ those ტფ ტფ those ტფ ტფ those ტფ those ტფ ტფ those ტფ those წ those ს those წ those წ those წ are ს.

“The old name of Tbilisi was T’pilisi.”