For example, if you have gallium then the electron configuration is:
What I don't understand is why it's 3d and not 4d. Isn't that actually in the fourth row of the periodic table?
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Hi, for this assignment, you have to write down the separation methods correctly. However, I'm not sure about a and d. I don't think we've already gone through this with our teacher, but he said it's an important assignment. Who knows, maybe everything I wrote down is wrong, haha. This site is my biggest help…
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So if a reaction is entropically favorable, why doesn't it just happen, but rather requires activation energy? It's not as if, for example, at a temperature of 560 degrees, molecular oxygen or hydrogen would dissociate in an oxyhydrogen reaction.
The fourth line of the Periodic Table is the fourth period.
Lastly, does the term system and not the line system mean 😉
A period starts when filling a new bowl. This does not mean that the shell is completely filled within the period. M.a.W. are period and bowl quite different things.
Concrete in the 4th Period first fills the fourth shell, for potassium and calcium, more precisely the 4s bottom shell. Then there’s the ones in the 3rd. Period forgotten electrons of the 3rd shell, at scandium to zinc, specifically the 4d lower shell, which holds 10 electrons. You don’t need to know anomalies in chrome and copper. After the zinc, i.e. in the gallium, the 4th shell is further filled, specifically the 4p lower shell, which holds 6 electrons.
The scheme is called Madelung Schema or Building Pride. And because it is not so easy, as indicated above, there are also deviations that you do not have to know all.
This has something to do with the energy levels in the different orbitals when supposedly “higher orbitals” (here “4s”) are already filled before “lower” is full (here “3d”).
Check out the 10 turquoise elements Sc (Scandium) to Zn (zinc) and the calcium (Ca) beforehand. For energy reasons, the 3d orbitals are filled into calcium (which already has two electrons in the 4s orbital) before proceeding with 4p1. And such an insertion also happens again with the lantanoids and actinoides.