What does haploid mean?

Haploidie means that there is only a simple chromosome set. In diploidia there is a double chromosome set.

In humans, a chromosome set consists of 23 chromosomes (22 autosomes and a sex chromosome). You also write: n = 23. However, this haploid chromosome set occurs only with the gametes (sex cells, i.e. egg cell or spermium). The somatic cells have a diploid chromosome set, i.e. 23 chromosome pairs, each chromosome thus occurs twice (2n=46). So there is chromosome 1 twice, chromosome 2 twice, chromosome 3 twice, chromosome 22 twice, and in women two X chromosomes or in men one X and one Y chromosome. The diploid chromosome set is formed during fertilization by fusion of the two haploid chromosome sets of spermium and egg cell (n+n=2n=23) chromosomes +23 (earned by the father) chromosomes=46 chromosomes.

Most of the time, a chromosome consists of a single chromate (one chromosome). A “normal” diploid chromosome set therefore consists of 46 individual chromosomes. Only during the metaphase is each chromosome composed of two (genetically completely identical) chromatides (two chromosomes). During the metaphase there are a total of 46 two-chromatid chromosomes. After the metaphase, the chromates are separated and one chromate is distributed from each two-chromatid chromosome to one daughter cell, the other to the other daughter cell. Thus, each of the two daughter cells has a total of 46 pieces after completion of the cell division.