Chemistry: Questions about elements, compounds, molecules and ions?

Hello folks, I have 5 questions about chemistry: 1) Substances can be divided into pure substances and mixtures. Pure substances are then divided into chemical elements and chemical compounds. Are element molecules elements or compounds, since they are molecules but made of only one element? Or do only metals count as elements, since non-metals form…

Since phosphorus and sulfur are both in the third period, to ask a stupid question, why are there no molecules where they form so many bonds?

Because according to the formula 2n^2 18 electrons fit into the third shell. So why don't they strive to form enough bonds to fill the bowl? Why is the third shell satisfied in the elements of the third period when the elements form so many electron pair bonds that there are 8 electrons in the…