Kommt unser aller Vorfahre wirklich aus Afrika?

Not applicable Speciesbut if, then Species. However, the status of different types is controversial, depending on the type concept and the warehouse of taxonomy (Splitter vs. Lumper) they are underlying.

Lumper distinguish only three species of the genus homosexual: homo habilis, Homo erectus and Homo sapiensThe Homo erectus “archaic” Homo sapiens) and then produced several lines (subspecies). Accordingly, the Neanderthals and Denisovans are to be classified as subspecies, which is also the anatomically modern person (Homo sapiens sapiens) belongs.

The Splitting Taxonomy is more closely oriented towards the phylogenetic concept and admits to the Neanderthaler the status of its own type, Homo neanderthalensis and differentiates further species, e.g. H. rudolfensis, H. heidelbergensis, H floresiensis uvm., which are then also called “chronospecies”. The Splitting Taxonomy in the trend, I personally tend to Lumping Taxonomy.

But it doesn’t matter which of the two schools one belongs to whether the different line of origin is now referred to as subspecies or as species, there have been several mixing events. The roots of all lines lie in Africa.

The history is so simple:

• from H. erectus the archaic H. sapiens : This resulted in several lines, one of which emigrated to Eurasia, at least two remained in Africa. The Neanderthals and the Denisovans finally emerged from the emigrated population. The population remaining in Africa developed into anatomically modern people, who are already very likely in Africa with the third line of archaic Homo sapiens hybridized but fossil unknown.
• The ancestors of the Neanderthals and Denisovans met another human development line (Superarchaics) in Eurasia, which led to genetic exchange. Unfortunately, we do not know anything about the Superarchaics, fossils are not known (previously), there are only traces of their genome in the Neanderthalergenom. Perhaps they are another line of archaic homo sapiens, which emigrated to Eurasia before the Neanderthaler-Denisovaner ancestors. The superarchaics were completely displaced by Neanderthals, as later the anatomically modern person with the Neanderthaler did.
• The anatomically modern person also emigrated to Eurasia (probably even in several approaches). There he met Neanderthaler and Denisovaner and crossed with these two lines. In the non-African populations of mankind (and in North Africa), about 1 to 2% of Neanderthalergene are still detectable. The first to prove this gene flow was Svante Päääbo, who received the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology this year. Some of these genes influence e.g. skin and hair texture and may have been beneficial in the cold climate of Europe. Recently it was also discovered that one of the largest risk factors for a heavy Covid19 infection is a variant from the Neanderthaler.

In principle, modern man is “Out of Africa, there has been a certain gene flow from other human stem lines, however, even several times.