Is the density of frozen water always the same?
Water has its greatest density at about 4 degrees Celsius and decreases quite rapidly when it freezes. Does the density remain constant at 0 degrees Celsius and below , or does it still change?
So, for example, if I leave a glass bottle in the freezer, but it doesn't burst at first, could it burst when it thaws or gets even colder? Or has the minimum density been reached once it's frozen?
(Unfortunately, all the graphics I found on the internet stop at 0 degrees :/)
(3 votes)
Loading...
No. The ice is drawn together slightly like any solid during further cooling. The length expansion coefficient should be below 0°C at
51* 10^-6 1/K
are
> but it does not burst,
This is the question – a jump in the glass is easily overlooked as long as the glass is held together by the ice.
> could then be used to thaw
It does not expand when melting, but when heating ice with -18° C. on ice with 0° C., as is usual with “normal” substances.
> or even colder will burst?
No, there is no expansion, but shrinking. The glass also shrinks, but by a factor of 10 slower:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/extension coefficient#Glas_and_Keramik
Ice also has a thermal expansion. I had to learn this from my colleagues only in practice when they had frozen water in a cooling bath made of liquid nitrogen for degassing. During warming to melt the ice, the vessel broke because the ice had expanded faster than the glass of the vessel. The ice had not yet begun to melt at this time.
The safest procedure for melting these thoroughly cooled ice blocks is rapid heating until a permanent layer of water has formed on all sides of the ice block.
Subcooled still liquid water can very quickly freeze induction of the crystallization. The vessel can be sprinkled.
The density of water is the largest at 4 degrees, as you write yourself. It decreases even in the range below 0 degrees with greater cooling.
The density of ice increases upon further cooling.