History assignment?

Islam lacks sustainable secularization, which is why many Islamists are being watched by constitutional protection. What is the Sharia and why is Islam political?:

What the Sharia is not

A completed criminal law catalogue

A bill that you could purchase and put on the shelf

A printed collection of laws in which one could check the Sharia punishments for adultery, murder and theft

What the Sharia is

An ideal of a law of God that still holds the majority of Muslims as valid at least in theory

An interpretable collection of regulations from several centuries. Neither the rules nor the interpretations are summarized in a single place.

A catalogue of bids that covers all areas of life.

Source: The Sharia of Prof. Dr. Christine Schirrmacher, p. 12

The Muslim view of religion and politics is based on an interpretation of the Quran and on the example of Prophet Muhammad and the early Muslim community, in conjunction with the Islamic principle that faith and action are only two sides of the same coin.

Christians often quote the commandment of the New Testament, to give to the emperor what is the emperor, and God what is God; they see in it a provision for the separation of church and state. On the other hand, Muslims believe that their entry for faith is primarily in the pursuit of God’s will in private and public life. Throughout history, it was said to be a Muslim, not only to belong to a religious community of like-minded believers, but also to live in an Islamic state in which Islamic law was applied (if not always in practice, at least in theory).

Many Muslims describe Islam as an “alumbing way to live”. They believe that religion cannot be separated from social and political life, because every action of the person concerned is influenced by religion. There are many places in the Quran that highlight the close relationship between religion and society. The Quran teaches that God has entrusted the earth to man (2:30, 6:165). Muslims see themselves as God’s representatives with a divine mandate to establish a just society of God’s rule on earth. As stated in Sure 49:13, the Muslim community is regarded as a political entity; there it is said that God has made men “to associations and tribes”.

In an ideal view of the Islamic state, the task and purpose of political power are to implement the divine message. Thus, the ideal Islamic state is rather a community governed by God’s law (nomocracy), as a theocracy or an autocracy.

Source: From Head To Shade to Sharia – What to Know About Islam by John L. Esposito, Philipp Reclam jun. Stuttgart, translated by Henning Thies, page 185-186.