For example, how can you tell the difference between 60 fps and 144 fps when the eye can apparently only see 24 fps?

Well, I’m saying this assertion is wrong. It is therefore possible.
From about 24fps everything is so semi-liquid for the human eye. This is rather the jumping point, but that does not mean that this is the maximum of the eye. It is necessary to see at least ca that if you want to see pictures gowning together in a liquid state.
As a rule, you can see if this is 30fps, 60fps, 144fps, 240fps, 360fps. People who have a lot to do with it, of course better, so gamers preferred.
But everyone would notice the difference between 30fps and 144fps as an example.
It is then all much more liquid and more pleasant the more pictures you see per second, which can have significant advantages especially for gamen.
60fps have become standard on PCs and consoles (or screens) for a long time, with 120-144fps becoming more common. So trend is rising.
Is there a lot of gamers to avoid the 30fps games because it’s just terrible.
If you also remember movies or videos when you compare 24fps (typically for movies) with 60fps. It is then much more liquid, pleasant and beautiful at once.

To get more precise on your question and call a solution:
After you also know a difference between 240fps and 360fps, the eyes can also at least that. Probably a lot more.