How are things going? I need help with this task. I have no idea about these proteins and their structure, or what effect they have on cellular processes. It would be great if a biology expert could explain this to me.
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Hi.
it is about the cell cycle and its regulation. At the end of the G1 phase, at the transition to the synthesis phase (S) and at the end of the G2 phase, at the transition to the mitose phase (M), there are two control points which are regulated by triggering factors (Cdk).
Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdk) are enzymes which can initiate activities of the respective cell cycle phase when activated. The Cdk alone is constant, but inactive. Only by phosphorylation (P) and addition of a second activator protein, a so-called cyclin, is the protein kinase activated and initiates the respective phase of the cell cycle.
“Describe the interaction…” that’s your job now. Let’s do it together and next time you try.
G1 -Cyclin binds to protein kinase (Cdk), protein kinase is also phosporylated, phophate residue donor is ATP, ATP becomes ADP, activated protein kinase (Start kinase) triggers the S phase of the cell cycle (“DNA replication”). The G1 cycline is later degraded, the protein kinase which initiates the S phase of the cell cycle is thereby again inactive.
Mitotic cyclin binds to protein kinase, protein kinase is also phosporylated, phophate residue donor is ATP, ATP is converted to ADP, activated protein kinase (“ mitose phase delivery factor”) triggers mitose phase. The mitotic cyclin is degraded, the protein kinase which triggers the cell and core division ( mitose phase) is again inactive.
It therefore requires a protein protein interaction between an enzyme unit (Cdk) and an activator protein (Cyclin) in order to activate the enzyme unit and to exceed the control point of the cell cycle and to initiate the following cell cycle phase. This results in an effective regulatory possibility. Because the appropriate cyclin is not present, the cell cycle stops before the synthesis phase or before the mitose phase.
This makes sense because the cell controls when and whether it comes to cell division and the necessary conditions exist, such as cell size, integrity of the DNA, whether previous steps have been completed. When all this applies, the cell raises the cyclin concentration, cyclin binds to the respective cyclin-dependent protein kinase, the activated protein kinase releases the phase of the cell cycle controlled by it. LG