Hello,
To create a domain, you usually have to purchase one from various providers, but shouldn't it also be possible to create your own domain without such providers? I mean, they have to create them somehow.
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In fact, if you rent a domain, you will be given a fee and you can do what you want to take into account the regulations.
The thing is:
The naming space is a tree with a recognized root. in this you can simply add something yourself, so that it is generally available. To do this, it just needs an entry in the tree that ‘enters’ you and you can just pay.
Of course, you can create your own name space, the question is just how you want to move the public to its use.
In the existing naming room, TLDs are entered “central” and the organization that manages such a TLD and provides domain names is called Registry. The operation of a registry costs money, which is why a rental price is collected for entries – in order to express it banally.
In principle, you can decide which domain you want and “resolve” the “resolved”. But in the global network, one has now agreed on who is responsible for awarding the names. That means that nobody else knows what you’re doing with you and if you want to have a website, then nobody knows how to find it.
And so everyone knows, there’s a fee. The providers must also register them with a higher-level provider. For example, there is one for .de domains and one for .com domains and these in turn are registered with the root servers. You just agreed.
No, that’s not possible.
It is helpful to see how domains work.
In itself, each computer can dissolve domains in IPs. However, since you cannot directly manage the configuration of all computers, this task is delegated to special supervisory bodies.
Thus, DNA, the domain name system, was developed quite early. This has been handed over to the ICANN organization’s IANA, which is responsible for the top management level.
Thus, TLDs (.de, .net, .com, etc.) are first created and transferred to local or other administrative offices. These are then responsible for orchestrating their subarea. For .de this is DENIC eG: https://www.denic.de/en/. These then work with providers who pay their contribution and sell the domain to you. See: https://www.denic.de/en/about-denic/members/members/list
It would be almost impossible to make such a complex system different.
However, if you can persuade all your friends to run their Internet (DNS) over your systems, you could theoretically assign domains free of charge.
No, it’s not that easy.
Any toplevel domain, such as .com or .de, must be managed by an organization. That would be a registry.
So the most direct way would be through such a registry itself, and that is also possible. Otherwise, this takes over a registrar that works with the registry and may then offer you additional services such as DNS Server or Web/Email Hosting to process payments. These are companies like namecheap etc.
So that you could do it yourself you would have to become a registry more or less and this is definitely unrealistic and significantly more expensive and more expensive to rent than a domain.
A domain always needs a top-level domain (TLD), e.g. .de, .net, .com, .uk, . Each TLD is managed by an organization, and these organizations require money to register a domain. DENIC is responsible for the .de TLD. No matter where you order your .de domain, it must be registered with DENIC, otherwise the domain is not accessible.
You could also register your own TLD. This is not worth it: The registration of a TLD costs once 185,000 dollars, as well as many thousand dollars a year.
If you don’t want to spend money, you have these options: either you’re going to the domain, then the server can only be accessed via the IP address; or you use a free subdomain, e.g. .pages.dev, .github.io or .vercel.app.