Similar Posts

Subscribe
Notify of
4 Answers
Oldest
Newest Most Voted
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
pchem
7 months ago

The first structural representation is widely used. However, it should be noted that in reality, sulfate has a tetrahedral shape, with all SO bonds of the same type and the charges evenly distributed.

The second illustration is also common, but here it's important to note that the two lines on the oxygen, which symbolize the two lone pairs of electrons, should be drawn with a small gap. So, no "U" or "V."

The representation in the third figure, with the doubly positive charge on the sulfur, is also common (I assume it's a mistake to show two negative charges on one oxygen atom; each oxygen atom should be singly negatively charged). This representation has the advantage of emphasizing that all SO bonds are of the same type.

The fourth figure is incorrect because it shows neutral oxygen atoms with 5 valence electrons.

Structural formulas should not be viewed as a clear representation of reality, but rather as a form of writing that can be used to describe the actual shape of a particle on paper. Just like any writing, certain rules must be followed. For example, atoms must have the correct number of valence electrons. Beyond that, however, there may be multiple representations for a particle, as is the case here with sulfate.

For the test, you should use the representations presented in class. Even if there are multiple representations of a particle, it can be frustrating to have to discuss them with the teacher afterward.

__________________

The following figure refers to the comment:

pchem
7 months ago
Reply to  user838983494

I included a representation of sulfuric acid with charges in my answer (the lone pairs are indicated here with double dots). Is that what Figure 4 meant? There are also sensible reasons for this structural formula, but the explanation would go too far. The structural formula with the double bonds is more common.

willi55
7 months ago

A is OK, but incomplete. B is unfortunately incorrect because the number of electrons is incorrect. B1 has too many negative charges on the left. B2 is missing them at the top and bottom, as well as the lone electron pair in each case.