Can genetic engineering also be used to introduce modified genes into the cell?
So do you need whole DNAs for this?
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You don't seem to know exactly what DNA and genes are at all.
DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, the chemical compound from which our genetic substance consists. The whole DNA in turn consists of a sequence of subunits which become called nucleotides.
Each nucleotide contains one of the four bases of adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine. Their sequence in the DNA encodes the proteins that can be formed by the living entity itself and have a function in its body. A gene is a subsection of the DNA, by whose base sequence a protein codes.
Genetic engineering is about changing the base sequence in the DNA, so that the genetically modified organisms have changed or new proteins are produced and thus has different properties. For this purpose, for example, a gene can be taken from the DNA of another being and inserted into the DNA of the living being to be changed.
For example, the human insulin has been inserted into the DNA of bacteria that produce insulin that can be used for insulin preparations for people with diabetes.
DNA fragments are injected, often small annularly closed DNA, so-called. Plasmid DNA. Greetings
but they are still called, even if they are only fragments, not genes, but DNA, right? Why?
yes they speak of DNA. That's Usus when you work with DNA in the lab, you say DNA. But at the same time you know which genes are on her, but you say you work with DNA. Greetings
I don't quite understand the question, "only modified genes" "whole DNAs" what do you mean?
There are several different techniques, single cells can also be genetically modified without adding DNA, but only simple dot and indel mutations would be possible.